Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral mental health disorder that manifests in early childhood. It is dramatized in various artistic works to raise awareness about a condition that affects not only children but also adults and adolescents. What are its characteristics, how can we cope with it, and what are the causes of its onset?
Dr. Mohamed Hani, a consultant psychiatrist, explained that ADHD is a behavioral mental health disorder observed in early childhood, affecting 6% to 7% of children globally in school settings. It is associated with a child developing movement skills around the age of two, during which signs of the disorder begin to emerge. The symptoms are evident through excessive activity and inattentiveness, marked notably by very bold interactions with teachers, along with a lack of focus that leads to poor academic performance. Often, children with ADHD exhibit high intelligence levels but may also exhibit aggression toward their peers.
Dr. Hani noted that there are numerous causes for the disorder, including genetic factors, environmental influences, and the surrounding family environment in which the child lives. He emphasized that improper management of the condition can exacerbate ADHD in children. Treatment can be approached in two ways: some children may benefit from behavioral therapy sessions, while others may require medication. The type of treatment depends on the severity of the disorder. Parents are encouraged to monitor their children to prevent self-harm or harm to others, and to consider engaging them in individual or team sports—avoiding violent or combat sports to channel their excess energy appropriately.
Dr. Hani pointed out that this disorder appears in early childhood and can persist into adolescence, with only about 20% of individuals continuing to experience symptoms into adulthood. In adults, symptoms manifest as frequent mood swings, impulsive decision-making, severe anxiety, and difficulty maintaining relationships. Individuals with ADHD may also exhibit a constant state of fear and anxiety, alongside aggressive responses to others, often stemming from experiences of domestic violence or unhealthy environmental conditions during their upbringing.
