Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, according to the Mayo Clinic. The esophagus, known as the food pipe, extends from the throat to the stomach and helps transport swallowed food from the back of the throat to the stomach for digestion. Esophageal cancer usually begins in the cells lining the inside of the esophagus and can occur anywhere along its length. It is more common in men than in women. While the exact cause of esophageal cancer is unknown, risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and an unhealthy diet.
Some signs indicating the presence of esophageal cancer can appear while eating. According to Cancer Research UK, these signs manifest in three symptoms:
1. **Difficulty Swallowing**
Also known as dysphagia, this occurs when eating or drinking. There are two types of dysphagia: oropharyngeal dysphagia, affecting the mouth or throat, and esophageal dysphagia, affecting the food pipe. Dysphagia can lead to coughing or choking while eating or drinking, and one may feel as though food is stuck in their throat or chest. Continuous drooling can also be a sign. Difficulty chewing food properly and a hoarse voice while eating or drinking are among the signs of this symptom.
2. **Persistent Indigestion and Heartburn**
If you experience heartburn most days for three weeks or longer, you should seek medical advice, according to health services. Indigestion can be a warning sign, characterized by pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen (indigestion) or a burning pain behind the breastbone. Food may sometimes be regurgitated, even through the nose, similar to gastroesophageal reflux. This causes an unpleasant and acidic taste in the mouth and nasal passages. Both symptoms may occur together or separately, usually shortly after eating or drinking.
3. **Unexplained Weight Loss**
Along with a loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss can be a sign of esophageal cancer. Nearly half of those affected experience this symptom, which may occur due to consuming less food because of difficulty swallowing. Weight loss results from decreased calorie intake. A person may find it hard to swallow or may feel pain when swallowing food, leading to reduced food intake and consequently weight loss.
**Sore Throat or Pain Behind the Sternum**
In addition to difficulties in swallowing, swallowing can also be painful and manifest as a burning sensation felt behind the breastbone. Pain may also be felt in the back, behind the breastbone, or between the shoulder blades. This can worsen when swallowing or during indigestion. Other symptoms may include food regurgitation, persistent cough, hoarseness, coughing accompanied by blood, and dark stools. Anyone experiencing any of these symptoms persistently or noticing a worsening should consult a doctor.
It is noted that these signs could be due to several other conditions unrelated to cancer, so it would be beneficial to undergo necessary examinations if concerned.
