The German Association of Pediatricians and Adolescents states that diarrhea in children has several causes, the most prominent being bacterial and viral infections, appendicitis, and urinary tract infections. Diarrhea may also be due to intolerance to certain food substances, such as lactose (milk sugar) and gluten (wheat). Additionally, diarrhea can indicate that the child has ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease.
Diarrhea is often accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and headaches. The association noted that severe diarrhea increases the risk of dehydration in children due to the loss of a significant amount of fluids, salts, and minerals. Signs that a child is losing large amounts of fluids and is at risk of dehydration include a dry tongue, sunken eyes and cheeks, and pale skin, along with increased heart rate and breathing above normal levels.
Loss of skin elasticity is also an indicator of significant fluid loss in the child. To check skin elasticity, parents can pinch the skin on the arm or abdomen and hold it for a few seconds before releasing it. If the skin does not return to its original position immediately, it indicates a lack of elasticity. Other signs of severe fluid loss in a child include a decreased desire to participate in any activities or increased irritability. If these symptoms are noticed, it is essential to consult a doctor promptly to treat the child in a timely manner.
