Children are one of the most vulnerable groups to dehydration, especially in the summer, as they spend long periods outside and engage in physical activities related to play during the season of high temperatures and increased humidity. They tend to prefer sugary drinks over water, and certain illnesses such as fever and gastrointestinal diseases, as well as the use of specific medications like diuretics, can also lead to dehydration. Health experts explain that the symptoms of dehydration vary depending on the severity of the condition and range from thirst, dry mouth and lips, decreased urination, dark-colored urine, fatigue and weakness, increased irritability, dry skin, feelings of dizziness and lightheadedness, headaches, and rapid heartbeat. These cases are diagnosed by monitoring several vital signs, such as increased heart rate, low blood pressure, skin swelling, and dry mucous membranes. Blood tests, like the basic metabolic panel, can be performed to evaluate electrolyte levels.
Pediatric specialists indicate that the treatment for dehydration in children is through an oral rehydration solution that contains a balanced mixture of electrolytes and glucose for mild to moderate cases. Dehydration caused by vomiting due to gastroenteritis is treated by prescribing antiemetic medications and enabling the child to consume fluids orally, while intravenous fluids can quickly enhance hydration levels in cases of severe dehydration, according to "Al Khaleej."
Parents should be attentive to signs of illness in their children, particularly fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, as these increase the risk of dehydration, and adhere to the following tips to minimize exposure to dehydration:
1. Encourage children to drink enough water and consume fruits throughout the day.
2. Avoid soda drinks or those with high sugar or caffeine content.
3. Prepare fresh fruit juices and drinks rich in electrolytes.
4. Play outside during cooler times of the day, use an umbrella or hat to reduce sun exposure, and wear light, loose, cotton clothing.
