The body is not effective at fighting viruses when cold air enters the nose and upper airways. Therefore, viruses like colds can spread more easily during winter. With this in mind, pharmacist Karen Baker revealed the best ways to protect ourselves from winter illnesses, such as colds, flu, and other respiratory diseases like COVID-19. Baker stated, "Colds are very common because there are over 200 viruses that can cause a cold, and the human body simply cannot build resistance against all of them. Some people are more susceptible to colds because their immune system is not as efficient, which could be due to a medical condition or simply their genetic makeup." Baker shared her five methods to combat these types of illnesses:
1. **Good Hygiene**
Baker said, "The best way to prevent catching a winter virus, whether it's a cold, flu, or COVID-19, is to practice personal hygiene." She explained, "Wash your hands frequently with soap and water or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, clean frequently-touched surfaces, and avoid close contact with sick individuals."
2. **Strengthening the Immune System**
Baker revealed, "Boosting your immunity this winter is also key to preventing colds. To do this, make sure you get plenty of sleep and eat balanced meals. It's also important to stay active, get fresh air, and take time to manage stress and relax." She added, "I also recommend ensuring you get enough sunlight, which can be challenging during winter in the UK; therefore, vitamin D supplements can also be a great option. You should always consult your local pharmacist for advice and guidance on product recommendations."
3. **Staying Hydrated**
Baker explained, "During the winter months, it is very important to stay hydrated," advising this helps support the body in fighting infections and maintaining body temperature balance.
4. **Treatments**
Baker stated, "Pharmacies offer many over-the-counter products that can help alleviate coughs, colds, and flu in various ways." She explained, "For fever, pharmacists may simply recommend using paracetamol, ibuprofen, or aspirin to lower temperatures and relieve pain, all of which can be symptoms of colds." She added, "Paracetamol is the first line of treatment for sore throat, and it has been shown to provide quick and effective relief." She noted that if a patient is struggling to swallow, they can rely on throat lozenges and sprays. Nasal sprays can also be used at the first signs of a cold to help prevent the cold or reduce the duration of the illness.
5. **Self-Care**
Baker revealed, "You can relieve the symptoms of winter illnesses at home by making sure you get plenty of rest. Steam showers can help moisturize the nasal passages and throat. Ensuring you get enough vitamin C by eating a variety of fruits and vegetables can help boost your immunity, and gargling with salt water can alleviate a sore throat. Drinking hot liquids, like honey and lemon, can soothe your nose and throat."
