It has been established that the country in which a person lives and the surrounding dietary systems have a significant impact on the risk of obesity. In a discussion with the program "Science in Five," hosted by Vismeet Gupta Smith and broadcast by the World Health Organization, Dr. Francesco Branca, Director of Nutrition and Food Safety at WHO, addressed the magnitude of the obesity issue and how to reduce the risk of developing it.
Dr. Branca stated that obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excess fat deposits that undermine health, potentially leading to type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Obesity affects healthy bone reproduction and is linked to certain types of cancer. He added that obesity impacts quality of life, explaining that obesity occurs due to unhealthy diets, low physical activity, poor sleep patterns, and stressful living conditions.
He pointed out that some individuals have a genetic predisposition to obesity, making it easier for them to become obese. However, obesity can also be a result of certain medications, noting that many people live in environments conducive to obesity due to the availability of high-energy, inexpensive foods around the clock.
**5 Million Deaths Annually**
Obesity is a health issue that also affects economic development, with 5 million deaths each year attributed to its consequences. Countries can lose up to 3% of their GDP due to obesity. Dr. Branca explained that to identify obesity, weight and height should be measured, and the body mass index (BMI) calculated for adults, where a BMI over 30 kg/m² aids in diagnosing obesity. Waist circumference can also be measured in women, where a waist circumference exceeding 80 centimeters, and in men, over 90 centimeters, indicates a higher risk of obesity-related consequences. Obesity is usually accompanied by elevated blood pressure, lipid disorders, and difficulties in blood sugar control.
In this context, Dr. Branca emphasized that a person should not feel ashamed if they are obese but should seek specialized medical advice regarding diet and physical activity. Based on individual needs, pharmaceutical treatments or even surgical practices may be recommended to limit food intake and absorption.
Dr. Branca noted that media and national policies can help everyone access healthy lifestyle patterns. He took the opportunity to offer general advice, stating that if an adult, one should choose fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats while reducing sugars. He advised preferring water over other beverages and encouraging physical activity.
He directed his advice to mothers of young children, recommending the importance of breastfeeding whenever possible. For older children, water should be provided instead of sugary drinks, and fruits and vegetables should replace sweets. Mothers can ensure their children walk to school, limit screen time, and guarantee they get enough sleep.
