Scientists conducted a comprehensive study of research conducted on centenarians, aimed at identifying common factors that have contributed to their longevity. To determine the factors that aid in prolonging life, researchers closely examined 34 studies dedicated to individuals who lived over 100 years, whose numbers increased from 151,000 in 2000 to 573,000 in 2021.
The researchers found that most centenarians follow a varied and balanced diet, obtaining an average of 57-65% of their calories from carbohydrates, 12-32% from protein, and 27-31% from fats. Their diet includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and protein-rich products (poultry, fish, and legumes). They consume very little red meat and use salt in minimal amounts.
The researchers discovered that centenarians develop chronic diseases much later in life compared to the general population; however, more than half suffer from high blood pressure, dementia, and cognitive decline. They take an average of 4.6 medications, which is two fewer than the average person.
It was found that 68% of those who lived 100 years or more were satisfied with the quality of their sleep, getting 7-8 hours per night. Good sleep is known to boost the immune system and heart health, and helps reduce the risks of obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
Additionally, 75% of them live in rural areas. Researchers believe that living in green spaces helps reduce the risk of depression, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease.
The study indicated that the majority of centenarians do not smoke or consume alcohol and engage in physical and social activities. According to the researchers, these rules do not guarantee a person will live to 100 years. It was also noted that some centenarians have bad habits; nonetheless, it was confirmed that lifestyle impact on longevity exceeds 60%.
