American drone experts stated that "the two drones that crashed over the Kremlin earlier this week evaded numerous defense systems within and around Moscow, indicating the possibility that they were launched from inside Russia." The footage of the drones prompted governments and security intelligence analysts to conduct a thorough investigation to determine the source of the drones, which were designed to fly to their destination and then explode. Dana Guard, president of the nonprofit Navigation and Timing Foundation, noted that "Moscow has been paying close attention to protecting the Kremlin from drones since at least 2015 when it began using electronic countermeasures to automatically divert drones through jamming, spoofing, and 'deceiving' GPS."
He explained that "advanced defensive systems might mean that the drones used, believed to be of medium size, were likely not using the GPS but were controlled manually, suggesting that the drones were launched from a nearby location or were guided to follow a specific path similar to kamikaze drones." Blake Resnick, founder and CEO of the drone company Brinc, added that "it is surprising that this drone managed to fly around Moscow completely until it reached the Kremlin without being detected and shot down." He also mentioned that "the relatively small size and low altitude could help, and if the drone does not use GPS and does not communicate with a ground control station, it would also enhance its resistance to jamming and spoofing techniques."
